Temporal changes refer to changes that occur over time in a particular variable or phenomenon. This research area involves studying how things evolve or fluctuate over time, and understanding the patterns, trends, and causes behind these changes. Researchers may use various methods such as data analysis, statistical modeling, and longitudinal studies to examine temporal changes in different contexts, such as climate, ecosystems, economies, population dynamics, and social behaviors. By studying temporal changes, researchers can gain insights into the dynamics and processes underlying these changes, and make predictions or inform decision-making for the future.